These sections are not included in the retail version of the book but are provided here on-line for reference for outdoor programs:
• Leader Training
• Leadership & Group Dynamics
• Students with Special Needs
- Observant Jewish Students
- Kosher
- Vegetarian
- Food Allergies
- Eating Disorders
The Backpacker's Field Manual Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Trip Planning
• Basic Trip Planning
o Group Size and Ability
o Activities
o Location & weather
o Flexibility
o Equipment
o Food
o Teaching plan
• Trip preparation checklist
o Pre-trip
o During the trip
o On return
• Determining physical condition
o Trip Difficulty Rating
o Planning a Route
Chapter 2 - Equipment
• Equipment Assessment
o Personal Equipment
o Group Equipment
o The Twelve Essentials
• Clothing
o Regulating Your Body Temperature
o The Layering Principal
o Clothing Layers
o Clothing Techniques
• Boots
o Fitting
o Breaking In
o Boot Care
• The Backpack
o External Frame Packs
o Internal Frame Packs
o Sizing a Pack
o Loading a Pack
o Putting on a Heavy Pack
• Sleeping Equipment
o Sleeping Bags
Temperature Ratings
Sleeping Bag Styles
Sleeping Bag Fit
Insulation types
Sleeping Bag Care
o Sleeping Pads
• Shelter
o General Shelter Tips
o Tarps
o Tents
• Cooking Equipment
o General Cooking Equipment
o Outdoor Baking Equipment
o Backpacking Stoves
Stove Types
How Liquid Fuel Stoves Work
Stove Safety Guidelines
Liquid Fuel Guidelines
The Coleman Peak 1 Stove
The MSR Whisperlite Stove
Chapter 3 - Food & Nutrition
• Energy and Nutritional Requirements
o Caloric Requirements
o Sources for Calories
o Food Guide Pyramid
Servings
Grain Products Group
Vegetable Group
Fruit Group
Milk Group
Meat and Beans Group
Sweets Group
Complete Protein Combinations
• Basic Fluid Recommendations
• Menu Planning
o How long are you going to be out?
o Ease of Preparation
o Weight
o Packaging/Re-packaging
o Spoilage
o Cost
• Special Dietary Considerations
o Vegetarianism
o Food Allergies
o Kosher Meal Planning
• Cooking Directions
• General Cooking Guidelines, Ingredients, and Recipes
o Sample Menu Items
Breakfast
Trail Food & Lunch
Dinner
• Outdoor Baking
• Food Equivalents
• Measurement Equivalents
Chapter 4 - Hygiene & Water Purification
• Keeping Yourself Clean
o The Hand Washing Station
o Personal Bathing
• Washing Clothes
• Washing Dishes, Pots, Utensils
o Cleaning Equipment
o Pot Cleaning System
• Women's Hygiene Issues
o Tampons vs. Pads
o Disposing of Tampons or Pads
• Water Purification
o Biological Contaminated vs. Toxic Water
o Boiling
o Chemical Purification
Iodine Treatment
Chlorine Treatment
o Filtration
PUR Hiker and PUR Voyageur Water Filter
MSR Waterworks II and Miniworks Water Filter
Chapter 5 - Leave No Trace Camping
• General Principles
• Guidelines for Temperate Forests
• Backcountry Travel
o General Travel Guidelines
o Travel Guidelines for Pristine or Highly Fragile Areas
• Campsite Selection
o High Impact Campsites
o Pristine Campsites
o General Campsite Guidelines
• Dealing with Human Waste
o Urine
o Feces
o Toilet Paper
o Natural TP Materials
o Locations
o How to dig a Cathole or Latrine
o Packing Out Feces
o Women and Menstruation
• Other Types of Waste
o Medical Waste
o Garbage
o Waste Water
• Campfires
o When Not to Have a Fire
o When to Have a Fire
o General Guidelines for Fire Building
o Fires in Highly Impacted Areas
o Fires in Pristine Areas
o The Mound Fire
o Fire Pans
o Firewood Selection
o Cleaning Up After a Fire
• At the End of the Trip
Chapter 6 - Wilderness Travel
• Maps & Map Reading
o Latitude and Longitude
o Scale
o Map Symbols and Colors
o Map Legend
o Contour Lines
o Measuring Distances
• Using a Compass
o What is North?
o Declination
o Which North to Use
• Using Map and Compass
o What's your Map Declination?
o Bearings
o Map Bearings & Magnetic Bearings
o West Declination
o East Declination
o Adjusting Your Compass for the Local Declination
• Using Map and Compass Together
• Wilderness Navigation
o Check Your Position Regularly
o Orienting the Map
o Identify Terrain Features
• Real Life Scenarios
o Scenario 1 - Lost in the Fog
o Scenario 2 - Heading to the Summit
o Techniques for Walking a Bearing
o Scenario 3 - Retracing Your Steps to Camp
o Scenario 4 - There's a Swamp in your Way
o Scenario 5 - Now You are Really Lost
• Other Tools
o Altimeters
o Watches
o Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
• Backcountry Travel
o Energy Conservation
o Splitting a Large Group into Smaller Groups
o Pace
o Rest Breaks
• Hiking Techniques
• Stretches for Hiking
• Off Trail Hiking
o General Backcountry Conditions
o Hiking through Thick Forest of Brush
o Hiking on Rocky Slopes and Trails
o Hiking on Snow and Ice
o River Crossings
• Setting Up Camp
o Using a Tent
o Tarp Set Up
• Traveling in Bear Country
o Bear Encounters
o How to Bearproof Your Camp
• Knots
o Two Half Hitches
o Bowline
o Tautline Hitch
o Square Knot
o Sheet Bend
o Truckers Hitch
Chapter 7 - Weather and Nature
• Wind
o Mountain Winds
o Coastal Winds
o Changes in Wind Direction
o Beaufort Wind Scale
• Clouds
o Identifying Cloud Types
• Barometric Pressure
• Fronts
o Warm Fronts
o Cold Fronts
o Occluded Fronts
• Thunderstorms
o The Physics of Lightning
o Lightning Dangers
• Predicting the Weather
o Temperature Ranges
• Natural Signs of Time and Direction
• Common Trees
o Leaf Attachment
o Leaf Type
o Tree Identification Key
o Broadleaf Trees
o Conifers
• Common Plants
o Wild Edibles
o Plants to Avoid
• Spotting Wildlife
o Tips for Spotting Wildlife
o Animal Signs
o Hazards of Animal Observation
Chapter 8 - Safety & Emergency Procedures
• Dealing with Emergencies - Who's in charge?
• How Accidents Happen
o Environmental Hazards
o Human Factor Hazards
o Sample Accident Scenario
o Teaching the Dynamics of Accidents Model
o Environmental Briefing
o Reducing the Accident Potential
o Accident Analysis - Closing the Circle
o General Safety Guidelines
o Preventive Measures to Minimize Accident Potentials
• Sending for Help
• Evacuation Procedures
o Possible Evacuation Scenarios
o Choosing to Evacuate
• What to do if Someone Gets Lost
o If the Group Gets Lost
o If an Individual in the Group Gets Lost
o If You are Hiking Solo and Get Lost
o Signaling for Help
o Locating Lost Persons
• Extreme Weather Conditions
o Lightning
• Forest Fires
o The Dynamics of Forest Fires
o Fire Safety Plan
• Wilderness Survival
o The Five Elements of Survival
o Shelter
o Water
• Accident Scenario Analysis
Chapter 9 - First Aid and Emergency Care
• Backcountry First Aid
• The Wilderness Context
• Good Samaritan Laws
• Patient Assessment
o Patient Exam
o Assess the Scene
o Primary Assessment
o Secondary Assessment
Vital Signs
Patient History
Assessing the Patient's Pain
• Treatment Plan
• General First Aid Principles
o Shock
o Swelling
o Ischemia
o Shell/Core Response
o Bleeding
o Wound Care
o Universal Precautions for Working with Blood and Body Fluids
o Basic Life Support
• Moving a Patient
o The In-line Drag
o The Log Roll
• Major Body Systems
o Respiratory System
o Circulatory System
o Nervous System
o The Musculoskeletal System
Sprains, Strains and Fractures
Tendonitis
Sprains
General Fracture Treatment
Fracture Sites & Treatment
Splinting
SAM Splint Guidelines
Sling & Swathe
Lower Leg Splint
Fractures at Joints
Angulated Fractures
Open Fractures
Femur Fractures & Traction Splint
Dislocations
Shoulder Dislocation
Kneecap Dislocation
Digit Dislocation
o Spinal Injuries
Cervical Spine Injuries
o Injuries to the Central Nervous System
Fainting
Head Injuries
Concussion
Skull Fractures
Seizures
o Chest Injuries
Broken Ribs
Flail Chest
Pneumothorax
Sucking Chest Wound
Impaled Object in the Chest
• Soft Tissue Injuries
o Lacerations
o Blisters
• Thermal Burns
o First-Degree Burns
o Second-Degree Burns
o Third-Degree Burns
• Impaled Objects
o Minor Impaled Objects
• Rashes
o Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac
o Friction Rashes
• Eye Injuries
o Thermal Burns
o Chemical Burns
o Foreign Objects
o Impaled Objects
o Contact Lens Problems
o Conjunctivitis
o Snowblindness
• Nosebleeds
• Dental Problems
o Toothaches
o Broken Tooth
o Fractured Tooth
o Knocked out Tooth
o Lost Filling
o Infection
• Environmental Injuries and Illnesses
o Fluid Balance
o Thermoregulation
o Cold Challenge
Wind Chill Index
o Heat Challenge
The Heat Index
o Heat Illnesses
Heat Cramps
Heat Syncope
Heat Exhaustion
Heat Strokes
o Hypothermia
o Immersion Hypothermia
o Drowning & Near Drowning
o Cold Weather Injuries
Frostbite
First-Degree Frostbite
Second-Degree Frostbite
Third-Degree Frostbite
o Immersion Foot or Trenchfoot
• Toxins
o General Treatment for Toxins and Poisons
o Acids and Bases
o Petroleum Products
o Medicines or Plants
o Iodine Crystals
o Carbon Monoxide
o White Gas
• Animal and Insect Bites and Stings
• Rabies
• Snake Bites
o Pit Vipers
o Coral Snakes
• Insect Bites
o Black Widow Spider
o Brown Recluse Spider
o Scorpions
o Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
o Bee Stings
• Anaphylaxis
• General Medical issues
o Abdominal Injuries and Gastrointestinal Problems
Conditions with Abdominal Pain Requiring Evacuation
Appendicitis
Constipation
Diarrhea or Vomiting
o Gastrointestinal Infections
Giardia
Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora
o Other Infectious Diseases
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
o Genitourinary Tract and Women's Health Issues
Urinary Tract Disorders
Vaginitis
o Diabetes
Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)
Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar)
o Altitude Illnesses
Acclimatization
Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
• Medications Profiles
• Organizations Providing Training in Wilderness First Aid
